Qubahan Techno Journal (QTJ) is committed to maintaining the accuracy and integrity of the scholarly record.

Corrections

A formal correction may be published when an error affects the accuracy, interpretation, metadata, authorship, presentation, or understanding of an article but does not invalidate the work as a whole.

Corrections will be clearly identified and linked to the original article.

Retractions

An article may be retracted where reliable evidence indicates that:

• findings are unreliable because of serious error or misconduct;
• data were fabricated or falsified;
• plagiarism is established;
• duplicate publication occurred;
• research was conducted unethically;
• peer review or authorship was manipulated; or
• another serious integrity concern makes continued reliance on the article inappropriate.

A retraction notice will state the reason and remain permanently linked to the article.

Expressions of Concern

QTJ may issue an Expression of Concern when serious questions have been raised but an investigation has not yet reached a reliable conclusion.

Metadata

Where a correction, Expression of Concern, or retraction is issued, relevant article metadata and DOI records will be updated where appropriate.